Reference: R: Psychological Types by Carl Jung
Often a question arises as to what is the difference between introverted and extraverted thinking. What helps in answering this question is imagining extraverted thinking (Te) as broad and introverted thinking (Ti) as deep.
PN: Introverted thinking is logic: Ti users, due to their deep and intensive thinking are great at at finding logical errors in an argument
PN: Raw introverted thinking (Carl Jung): Introverted thinking prefers theory over facts. It determines truth with the use of eternally true archetypes. It can become overly detached from the outside world and try to force facts into the shape of the idea or ignore facts altogether.
PN: Raw extraverted thinking (Carl Jung): Te creates by synthesizing information from many different areas. I can become sterilized, and purely imitative, never going beyond what is represented by objective data.
PN: Extraverted thinkers are rational thinkers: Extraverted thinkers determine the validity of facts based on the belief that it's true. It means that if the majority of valid outside sources indicate that it's true, then it's valid.
Both functions exist to determine the validity of information, but they make it in a different way.
Te scans the outside (objective) world and gathers, organizes, and synthesizes information to determine if a particular issue is true or false. You can say that it's objective, inductive, and generalistic.
Ti starts by selecting the issue and then tries to analyze it by decomposing it. Introverted thinking scans its inner (subjective) world of theories in search of logical answers. You can say that it's subjective, deductive, and specialistic.
These particularities come with their faults as well.
Because of its broadness, extraverted thinking can become too general and shallow, overly focusing on objective data, never actually going beyond it.
PN: Internalization leads to expertise; PN: Writing is the best facilitator for thinking: what can help overcome that is putting the theory into practice.
Ti due to its depth can become detached from reality, forcing facts onto its ideas or simply ignoring them. It can also become a victim of logical fallacies.
P: Bring the metaphysical into the physical: similarly, introverted thinkers should force themselves to push their rich internal intellectual fruits.
To arrive at the truth, both types of thinking must work together. Te can help assimilate Ti's ideas to the available facts and knowledge to make it more practical and useful. Introverted thinking can bring relevancy to the gathered facts, to make them more reliable and thought-over.
Relevant notes:
PN: Introversion vs. extraversion (Carl Jung): Extraverts love objects, introverts are afraid of them. Introverts embrace the inner world, extraverts don't understand it.
PN: Understand personality types to have better disputes: Psychological types determine how people perceive and judge information. Because of that they tend to have different opinions and perspectives leading to arguments. To avoid that, people should acknowledge that difference and try to come up with a better understanding of a subject by combining their views.
This area might then become occupied by introverted thinkers (PN: The dance between extraverted and introverted thinking).